Essay on An Inspector Calls by J B Priestley Essays

Essay on An Inspector Calls by J B Priestley Essays Essay on An Inspector Calls by J B Priestley Essay Essay on An Inspector Calls by J B Priestley Essay Essay Topic: Literature An Inspector calls, by J. B. Priestley was written in 1946 and set in 1912. Priestley was a politician and a socialist who believed in equality and equilibrium for all, sex, race and class. Priestley had a long but arduous life, 1894-1984. He lived through both world wars, the unsinkable Titanic sank in 1912, the general strike in 1926, labour government resigning in 1931, and the two destructive atom bombs dropped on Japan in 1945. Priestley deliberately set the play in 1912 because the audience watching the play had to have lived through all of this and would have empathised with him. Priestly tried to put his non-capitalist views across to the public through different mediums giving 10 minute radio broadcasts and writing articles in the news papers, however using these means, he could never be sure of his audience. He couldnt know if they were paying their full attention listening, or if they were just skimming his articles or even if they were being read or listened. Hence Priestley decided to use the theatre for his plays, where he had the full undisrupted attention of his audience. An Inspector calls, is a play which highlights the importance and relevance of equality and social respect in the community, the story is interesting and gripping with a twist. Priestley is trying to show us how a moneyed, status freak middle class family of the Edwardian Society of 1912 acted, upon their values and their morals. The mysterious Inspector Goole reveals by his interrogation how all of the different Birling family members contributed to the suicide of a low classed, unsupported, innocent, young girl, Eva Smith, and how they have all, in their own shameful way, let her down and killed her through a chain of events. Priestley shows us how these different family members react in different ways and learn different lessons from their experience. Inspector Goole is believed to be the voice and substitute of J. B. Priestley. Inspector Goole in many ways is a regular and ordinary police man but in some ways his personality and behaviour is very mysterious. The Inspector uses various dramatic and purposeful methods of solving this case, some are normal, and some are odd. His name sounds like ghoul, his body language and physical presence, his sarcastic, dramatic, repetitive and suspenseful way of speech, his different attitudes and behaviour to different characters, his moral speeches, his tactics of solving the case, his timing, of speech, entry and exit to the play, his impression on youngsters and the way he behaves like a catalyst, splitting the family in half, all are very peculiar, thus creating drama and tensions. The Inspectors timing of speech, entry and exit to the play is crucial in how the Inspector creates drama. The Inspector entered to interrogate the Birling family of a beautiful girl, Eva Smiths suicide; he entered while the Birlings were happily celebrating their daughters engagement to a rich man, Gerald Croft, ironically the Inspectors interrogation lead for that prosperous day to turn sour and horrid just like Evas life. The Inspectors entry to the play was very Ironic, as Mr Birling selfishly said, man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own-and-, the Inspectors call stopped Birling from saying any further of his speech and the irony is that the Inspector carries on stopping Birling from his methods throughout the rest of the play, making the play engrossing and exciting. The timing of the Inspectors exit was too very engrossing. He left after interrogating all the family, delivering a few moral speeches but most importantly before the final phone call a rrived and before Gerald returned. I know it wasnt coincidence because of this quote, my trouble is I havent much time, and because at first he was patient and always in control but as his exit neared he grew more and more anxious and edgy, Im loosing all patients with you people I warn you, showing the Inspector was aware of Geralds crucial return and the phone call. The Inspectors timing of speech also creates drama and suspense; as he enters, the stage directions describe his way of speech as, carefully and weightily. This method creates drama throughout the play. An example of this is when the Inspector purposely revealed Eva Smiths name slowly, her original name her real name was Eva Smith, creating suspense and inpatients among the characters and audience. Inspector Goole used various tactics of unravelling this case; many were normal however some were very odd. One ordinary and sensible tactic the Inspector employed, One person and one line of inquiry at a time. This showed the Inspectors sophistication, and his control of the plan and situation. Another ordinary ploy he applied was his clever usage of questions, Its my duty to ask questions, showing the Inspector fully made use of his badge and was aware of the job he needed to do, hence creating drama and a sense of fright among the characters. The Inspector chose to solve this case in a peculiar order. He began solving this case in an ordinary fashion, chronological order. However then in methodical order skipping Erics crime and purposely moving onto Mrs Birlings crime because of another unusual tactic Inspector Goole conducts while interviewing a character. He lets them talk big of them selves (usually in opposite or against the crime theyve committed), building up a wall that is sure to be knocked down, so when he reveals their crime its harder to bear, therefore creating drama. An example of this is when the Inspector was interviewing Mrs Birling; I blame the young man who was the father of the child entirely responsible he shouldnt escape made an example of the girls death is due to him dealt with very severely onfess in public his responsibility, these two tactics combined, made it far more difficult for Mrs Birling to bear Erics crime and it created more suspense, drama, tension and sympathy for Eric. Throughout the play the Inspector spoke influentially, carefully and critically. He purposely used different tones of voice for more effects, repetition to allow you to zoom in listening to the most important part of the speech, sarcasm, and ambiguity both for criticism. The Inspector had an annoying but suspenseful habit of answering questions, ambiguously, partly or with another question, this was immediately proven when he entered and Mr. Birling narrow-mindedly asked, Some trouble about a warrant. The Inspector replied, No, but he still did not reveal his reason for being there, causing impatiens and suspense among the characters and the audience. The Inspector did this again when Gerald asked, Any reason why I shouldnt see this hotograph, the Inspector replies with a part answer, There might be, creating drama and suspense. Another example of this was when Mrs. Birling said, She was claiming feelings and scruples that were absurd in a girl in her position. The Inspector replied ambiguously, Her position now is that she lies with a burnt-out inside on a slab, this is a very powerful and critical sentence creating drama and a sense of fear among the characters and audience. The Inspectors tone of voice revealed a lot throughout the play, when the Inspector found out Gerald was going to marry Sheila, the Inspector gravely said, Then Id prefer you to stay. The audience would immediately notice the Inspectors quote, especially Then, because Gerald was going to marry Sheila he must stay, this conveyed there might be something fatal to happen between their engagement, this was concluded by the gravely, grimily and sternly tone of the Inspector, thus creating and maintaining drama. When Birling proudly said he plays golf with the chief inspector, the Inspector dryly, said, I dont play golf, understating and ignoring Birlings relation with the chief inspector. This shows the Inspector isnt corrupt and will not budge, not even for the chief inspector, creating drama, suspense, and making the Birlings and Gerald very anxious. Repetition in language and speech allows you to zoom in and notice the most important and relevant part of the speech. The Inspector used repetition for this very purpose when Sheila asked a simple question, was Eva Smith Pretty? The Inspector replied repeating, she had been pretty very pretty, making the audience concentrate back on Sheilas unnoticed question and trigging questions in their minds of why the Inspector chose to answer in this dramatic and suspenseful way. Finally, the Inspectors sarcastic language was also very dramatic. When Mrs Birling was narrow-mindedly and triumphantly pinning all the blame onto the father of Eva Smiths baby, not knowing it was Eric, the Inspector sarcastically said, Dont worry I shall do my duty, making the audience curious and causing them to sit on the edge of their seats. The Inspector then continued this sarcasm by repeating word for word Mrs Birlings punishment upon the father of Eva Smiths child, No hushing make an example public confession of responsibility, eh, maintaining the drama and irony. Body language can reveal a lot and is just as meaningful as vocal language, if not more. A body and facial expression can mean more than a hundred words. I studied this play in writing so I couldnt see how the Inspector used body language. However the plays directions allows me to imagine and illustrate the Inspectors movements. One example was when Birling was showed the photograph of Eva Smith; he stared at the photo with recognition. He then attempted to ignore the situation and diverted his concentration onto Eric, Youve had enough of that port, Eric. However the Inspector was fully aware of Birinlgs sly movements and is watching Birling and now Birling notices him, The Inspector allows Birling to know hes being watched. I know this because when Birling noticed the Inspector, the Inspector still kept on looking at him, letting Birling and the audience know the Inspector was aware of Birlings crime. This one movement causes a lot of tensions and drama. After convicting Birling of his crime, Birling and Gerald tried to get rid of the Inspector, Its what happened since she left Mr. Birlings works that is important Obviously And we cant help you there because we dont know. The Inspector replied Are you sure you dont know. He looks at Gerald, then at Eric, then at Sheila. Implying at least one of them were guilty of some sin related to Eva, causing the three of them to feel uneasy, and making the play engrossing and suspenseful. The last example is when the Inspector revealed that Eva Smith changed her name to Daisy Renton. Gerald was clearly guilty of something when he anxiously said, What? Knowing this the Inspector intentionally left the room to go and meet Birling; on his way out, the Inspector loo ks from Sheila to Gerald, showing the Inspector recognized that Sheila knows too of Geralds crime. The Inspector let them talk about it because it would be intriguing for the audience to see if Gerald can live with the guilt and continue trying to put a sheet over his crimes and lies, after Sheila had interrogated him, thus causing suspense, irony and drama. Even though Inspector Goole entered the Birling home as an Inspector, his actions and behaviour conveyed he was much more than that. He was always trying to influence and change the ways of the moneyed and status-freak Birlings and Gerald. He always gave moral speeches; he tried to show them how and why they were wrong and what they could do to prevent this misshapen again. However they all didnt take a shine from the Inspector; it was always the youngsters who were influenced, which lead to a split in the family. The Inspector knew this, young ones more impressionable. Inspector Goole always preserved Eva Smith and people from the lower classes as the victims. He gave moral speeches to the Birlings to make them empathise with these not so fortunate humans. It would do us all a bit of good if we tried to put ourselves in the place of these women counting pennies in dingy little edrooms, Another speech, If theres nothing else, well have to share our guilt, and Public men, Mr Birling, have responsibilities as well as privileges. All of these speeches were also meant for the audience which makes the play very involving and engrossing. The Inspector delivered the most important speech just before his exit, in Act three. At the climax of the play, time was running out for the Inspector, he had interrogated everyone, the speech, central to the themes of the play and he was the centre of attention. The Inspector is a substitute for Priestley as he spoke like a politician, shared socialist views and began summing up the evening like a judge. He begun with an imperative, But just remember this, grabbing the attention of the characters and audience. He spoke of their being millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths, explaining to the characters and audience that to never make these mistakes again, and that there are many more unfortunate humans who affect us, who we can be a help to. He used repletion to make the speech meaningful, We dont live alone. We are one body. We are responsible for each other. Also these are short sentences for slowing down the pace and creating an uncomfortable pause, therefore making the speech more effective and dramatic. He spoke in threes, to make it engrossing and persuasive, think and say and do their lives, their hopes and fears fire and blood and anguish. The Inspector used irony in fire blood anguish as terms for war, making the audience empathise with the Inspector and persuade them to change their ways because they have too lived through both World Wars. The Inspector slowed down his speech for maximum impact by using and 10 times, using dash, commas, and lots of sentences. He spoke in an instructive and political tone of voice, for full purpose. All in all these tactics made this final speech far more effective, dramatic and empathetic. The Inspector tried to revolutionize and better the self-esteemed and arrogant thoughts of the Birlings and Gerald; consequently he behaved like a catalyst in the family, creating a split between youngsters and elders. Sheila splits with Gerald and Sheila and Eric contradict views with Birling and Mrs Birling, If you had any sense of loyalty, Birling says to Sheila. The dramatic irony was that the Inspector knew what hed done, When Ive gone adjust your family relationships, consequently creating drama. Before the Inspector arrived, Sheila conveyed to be a spoilt and proud child, speaking (with mock aggressiveness) however, when the Inspector arrived with his persuasive attitude, Sheila became a new reformed character, But these girls arent cheap labour theyre people. Sheila did not only become a new person, she began to understand the Inspector psychically, his attitude, his tactics, his angle on life and his objective to better society. For example, when Gerald was told Eva changed her name to Daisy Renton, he completely gave himself away, but only the Inspector and Sheila noticed, You gave yourself away as soon as he mentioned her other name. Another example is when Mrs Birling was giving advice on how to punish the father of Evas child, not knowing it was her own son Eric but Sheila immediately recognized the Inspector manipulative approach, Mother stop stop ont you see. One very important tactic Sheila noticed, was how the Inspector left you speaking big of yourselves, (usually in opposite to the crime which is revealed), building a wall that is sure to be knocked down flat makes it all the harder to bear, Sheila explained to her mother. All these examples add to the drama. When the family found out that the Inspector was a hoax, the elders started acting as if nothing had happened and they didnt commit the crimes they had confessed to, They just wont try to understand he difference between this coming out in private and a downright public scandal. However the youth were so influenced Eric tried to explain to the elders the reality of what they all had done, Whoever the chap was, the fact remains that I did whatever I did and the rest of you did what you did to her, Sheila agreed, Thats just what I feel, Eric, maintaining drama, even after the Inspector had left. Many aspects of the Inspector were very peculiar, however none more questionable than his name, G-o-o-l-e, which I believe is just a pun and witticism for ghoul, meaning, A person morbidly interested in death; of a strict nature; likes evil; or a sort of ghost, spirit, spectre or phantom. All these meanings refer and associate to the Inspector in individual ways. The Inspector did enter the Birlings interested in the death of Eva Smith, Id like some information a young women died. The Inspectors behaviour towards the Birlings was very crude and austere as he desperately tried to resolve the suicide. One severe approach he used was his harsh questioning of Mrs. Birling, No hushing make an example of the young man Public confession of responsibility eh? as he deliberately let her speak of her own son, Eric. Finally, for me the Inspector was very much like a spirit and a ghost, because when Eric left the house, everyone thought Gerald had returned expect for the Inspector, Unless your son has just gone out, and he repeated this psychiatric behaviour again when Eric returned, Inspector holds up a hand then We hear the front door and then Eric enters. The last example of the Inspectors ghostly actions was when he amazingly knew that Gerald would return encompassing the knowledge of the Inspector being a hoax, I havent much time, and he left before Gerald returned. J. B. Priestly as a socialist and politician felt the need to enhance society and the way humans behaved towards each other and his ambition was upheld very well in An Inspector calls. His clever tactic of setting the play in 1912 rather than his own present time 1946 caused much more empathy, drama and had more effect on the audience. Between these times the audience would have seen both World Wars, Titanic sinking, and the general strike, hence the behaviour of the Birlings and Gerald before these wretched times would have made the audience upset and initiate them to realize the little change of their present behaviour and what effect this could cause again. The audience would have been from the richer classes and would have entered the theatre to watch a mystery murder thriller but in fact the play is more of a moral lesson for the audience, showing our societys weaknesses of how we mistreat people from the poorer classes and the weaker sex. Inspector Goole exploits the seven deadly sins which the Birlings and Gerald commit; pride, wrath, envy, lust, gluttony, avarice and sloth towards Eva Smith, an innocent, poor young woman, and their sins are concluded in the most brutal chastisement, the death of Eva. Mr. Birling and Mrs. Birling are Priestleys example of uncivilised infidels with one ambition; to save their own necks, money, and to blank out all the bad aspects of life which do not concern them. Birling initiates the sins by throwing Eva out of her job for merely asking for a well-deserved pay rise. Mr. Birling is a hard-hearted, narcissistic, arrogant and recognisable capitalist. He is highly conceited and believes whatever he says is unquestionably true. Mrs Birling is more hard-hearted than her husband; she works at the charity council, not because she wants to help the poor, but because she wants to feel more superior to the lower classes. She received Evas case at the charity organisation and admitted being prejudice towards her case. Later she maliciously pinned all the blame onto the father of Evas child. However when she found out this morbid business regarded her son, she began to disagree with her previous prominent views. She is fully aware of her social status, and uses this to gain whatever she wants and shows little consideration for her subordinates. Priestley shows how the both of these disgraceful and egotistical parents refuse to accept theyre wrong and refuse to change their immoral, discourteous, shameful, and unacceptable ways. Sheila and Eric are the trophies of Priestly. They both commit great wrong but the Inspector helps them to realise their mistake. They try to change their old wanton actions and learn from their experience. Both had so greatly changed from the beginning of the evening; they extensively tried to influence and convert the egocentric ideas of their parents. This was Priestleys ambition, not to only see the audience leave changed but for the audience to influence others to change. I think Inspector Goole is the perfect mouthpiece for Priestley. The Inspector shares Priestleys non-capitalist and socialist views. If any other character had played the Inspector, Priesleys ambition would have been unsuccessful because an Inspector has the right to interrogate, question, influence and criticise one in his or hers own time and home. The Inspector is very persuasive, manipulative and intelligent. He has a good intellect, uses various clever tactics for solving the case and influencing the characters and the audience. Personally the Inspector had a great affect on me and Im sure he would have the same impact on the rest of the audience. Throughout the play the Inspectors ploys, attitude and behaviour created and maintained a lot of drama and made the drama exciting and engrossing. The moral of the play is to treat everyone, whether theyre poor, of a different gender, of a different race, or diverse to you with equal respect. Be polite, modest and generous towards all humans even if they are a complete stranger. Never judge people by their first expression and be prejudice. Never be stereotype. Never discriminate.

Robert Burns Quotes

Robert Burns Quotes Recognized as one of the greatest Scottish writers of all time, Robert Burns had a great deal to say. He was born in 1759 and is perhaps the most well-known Scots language poet. However much of his poetry was also written in English, which often included the bluntest of his harsh political commentary. His English writing often included Scottish dialects. He was a charismatic pioneer of the Romantics literary movement. His most famous work is Auld Lang Syne which is sung in many countries at the stroke of Midnight on New Years Eve to help usher in the new year. Burns claims to have transcribed the folk song from an old man whod had the song passed on to him.   Political Robert Burns Quote While Europes eye is fixd on mighty things, The fate of empires and the fall of kings; While quacks of State must each produce his plan, And even children lisp the Rights of Man; Amid this mighty fuss just let me mention, The Rights of Woman merit some attention. Inspirational Quotes Dare to be honest and fear no labor. Firmness in enduring and exertion is a character I always wish to possess. I have always despised the whining yelp of complaint and cowardly resolve. His locked, lettered, braw brass collar, Shewed him the gentleman and scholar. Libertys in every blow! Let us do or die. Mans inhumanity to man makes countless thousands mourn! Nae man can tether time or tide. Nursing her wrath to keep it warm. Prudent, cautious self-control is wisdoms root. Suspense is worse than disappointment. There is no such uncertainty as a sure thing. Nature Quotes The daisys for simplicity and unaffected air. The snowdrop and primrose our woodlands adorn, and violets bathe in the wet o the morn. Companionship Quotes The wide world is all before us - but a world without a friend. To liken them to your auld- warld squad, I must needs say comparisons are odd. Afflictions sons are brothers in distress; A brother to relieve, how exquisite the bliss! Ah, gentle dames! it gars we greet, To think how mony consels sweet, How mony lengthened, sage advices, The husband frae the wife despises. And may you better reck the rede, than ever did th adviser. And there begins a lang digression about the lords o the creation.

The Films of Alfred Hitchcock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Films of Alfred Hitchcock - Essay Example As with the lipstick-stained handkerchief, the articles in Rebecca’s bedroom provide an ominous presentation of her lingering presence in Cornwall. Here, Rebecca’s room space depicts that her presence is represented in her bedroom. Because of this, the new Mrs. de Winter is overwhelmed by the sheer strength of Rebecca’s spirit, as she cannot escape her signs whenever she turns in the house (8). The continuous remain of Rebecca’s presence overwhelms her, thus believing that her husband is still in love with Rebecca. Even Mrs. Danvers suggests that Rebecca wanders the hall of the apartment and watches the second wife when she is with Maxim. These mansion settings turn into haunted houses since the inhabitants are preyed upon, stalked, and often eventually killed in them. In Notorious (1946), Hitchcock explores the meanings of familiar domestic and architectural spaces. Observe, for example, what the film is doing with the balcony in the apartment scenes. Initially, the balcony provides a view for which back-projected picture-postcard of exotic romance; subsequently, it virtually disappears, dissolves, as we draw towards, gets absorbed in the lovers. In other words, Hitchcock depicts that it is a private space, a place for intimacy (Brandt 13). Later, the balcony is represented as cold and dark as well as airy. It mirrors the mismatches and distances between the characters as they squabble. In Alicia’s apartment in the first scene is the perfect, blissful moment of love. The space of the apartment is depicted as everything in it. Starting from the level of staging, cutting, framing, and lighting. It creates that sense and sensation of perfect union, which is of the oneness of the lovers (Brandt 13). Both the outer and inner parts of the house are joined, opening in one continuous strip of space that is bound by a firm sensual luminosity. In the film, Psycho (1960), Hitchcock

Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in America - Essay Example Scientific research to date proves that homosexuality is genetically inclined, and those who are indeed homosexual, have a genetic predisposition of sorts to their sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is not a â€Å"sexual preference†; it’s not something that one can change, therefore, those with homosexual orientation should be granted each and every single American right that heterosexuals have, including marriage, parenting, etc., otherwise America, who takes pride in being a nation of equality, is making their claim on fraudulent terms. While proving that sexual orientation is not a choice and that homosexuality is indeed the genetic makeup of an individual, it should be recognized by the U.S. government that homosexuality is a â€Å"normal† orientation just like heterosexuality is, and those of a homosexual orientation should be granted the same equal rights as heterosexuals, Whites, Africans, Hispanics, and everyone else who call this great nation their à ¢â‚¬Å"home†. Genetically speaking, it has been discovered that antibodies in the womb can attack the Y chromosome in an unborn male, causing him to be gay. This normally happens when a woman already has several, several, meaning two or three, â€Å"straight† male sons; her body just builds up an antibody to carrying males, and these antibodies attack the Y chromosome in the unborn male, making him homosexual (Independent). For every prior male brother who is â€Å"straight†, the chances of the next male becoming gay later in life, increases by one third (Independent). This study, conducted by Canadian scientists in 2006, proves that homosexuality in men is of a biological nature and nothing else. Gay men are â€Å"created† (Independent) meaning; they are born with a genetic predisposition to homosexuality. Thus proving that homosexuality is not a choice, but completely biological, even before birth (Independent). Also, it is common that most homosexual mal es have reported the same feelings concerning their identities and such during childhood. Many say that they â€Å"felt different† at an early age and often had to defend their masculinity (Handbook). They also reported that from a very, very young age, they did not take interest in the same games, toys, clothing, etc. as other â€Å"straight† males their age, and also felt an overwhelming attraction to the same sex, even from as early as 2 to 5 years old (Handbook). These young males reported that they often enjoyed playing with toys made for the opposite sex and also enjoyed wearing clothes of the opposite gender as well. The males said they did not take much of an interest in masculine games, such as sports and â€Å"boy† toys. â€Å"My cousin, who is now an openly gay, nineteen year old male, always collected Barbie dolls,† says Bessie Cherry, an award-winning journalist from Tennessee. â€Å"It was always a question ‘if’ my cousin was g oing to be gay or not. He loved to play with toys of the opposite sex, often carried a purse, and wore girls’ jeans and shoes. He was always very interested in things that boys his age were not, like collecting antique dishes and such. He never wanted to play football, like the rest of his male cousins his age. He never wanted to play with ‘boy’ toys, such as trucks and cars; it was always Barbie dolls and ‘girly’ things that he chose to play with instead. When my cousin became a teenager, he was so handsome that so many of the girls

The Raga System Essay -- essays research papers

Music is an expression of inner feelings through tones (swar) and rhythm (taal). These swars and taals are combined so that they are pleasing to the ear. Music is sound created from the ideas and emotions of man. When these ideas are expressed through the voice in a rhythmic and appealing sound, music is born. Music in its true form controls human activity and is thus the source of attaining pleasure and salvation. At the base of Indian Classical music lies an appreciation for, and an emphasis on creating sound with aesthetic appeal. This is achieved through Raga or melody. In Brihaddeshi, Matang defines raga as â€Å"that attractive combination of notes which pleases the mind†. That this sound be attractive and pleasing is of extreme importance. Because music is so closely linked to human emotion, it is important that it is written and performed so as to truly interpret and convey the emotion and beauty of the melody. To ensure that this is done successfully, there are some guidelines for Indian Classical musicians to follow to ensure an effective interpretation and display of their art. The system of raga in Hindusthani Classical music is both complex and sophisticated, using particular elements within strict guidelines to attain a pleasing and beautiful sound. In addition to the aesthetic aspect, a raga is also distinctive in form. These two aspects are inextricably bound together and are used in a complementary manner. In Hindusthani Classical music, ragas have been classified according to their form under ten thaats. The ten thaats under which all ragas are classified have derived from the twelve notes used in Hindusthani Classical music. A thaat is the ascending scale from which a raga is created. The ten thaats are: Kalyan, Bilawal, Khamaj, Bhairav, Poorvi, Maarva, Kafi, Asawari, Bhairavi and Todi. A thaat is named after the most prominent raga created from it. Ragas are also classified by the number of notes used in their ascent and descent. Two ragas written from the same thaat will comprise the same notes, however, the possibilities of development are limitless. Thus, each raga is a unique expression of an artist’s mind. In creating a raga, a musician must adhere to several guidelines, and must have an understanding of the es sential elements or lakshans which comprise a raga. These are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A raga must possess at least five... .... Use of taans shows the singer’s talent and creative power. When presented in its truest form, music has the power to affect human emotion. Hindusthani classical music is rooted in this belief. Some believe that music is an interesting part of natural philosophy that explains the causes and properties of sound. Music is believed to be present in every living and non-living thing. It is manifest through the art of raga. Raga or melody is, above all, an aesthetically pleasing sound. To create it, a musician must follow several guidelines and adhere to a strict framework vis-à  -vis form. A musician must also have as his or her aim, to incite a particular emotion in the listener’s mind. In interpreting a raga, a singer must understand these emotions and try to bring them out using the voice. He or she must also practice singing the unique note combinations for many hours. The system is complex, and it takes much practice and deliberation to successfully render a raga – sometimes many years. Once both musician and singer follow the rules laid down in the earlier texts, a raga can be truly beautiful and as Indian classical musicians believe, capable of attaining pleasure and salvation.

Molecular Weight of a Condesable Vapor

AP Chemistry Period 1 Molecular Weight of a Condensable Vapor Lab Purpose: The purpose and objective of this lab was to find the molecular weight of a condensed vapor. Materials and Equipment: †¢Aluminum foil square (around 6cm on a side) †¢125 mL flask †¢Barometer †¢3 mL of unknown liquid †¢200 mL graduated cylinder †¢600 mL beaker †¢Pin †¢Balance (0. 002g) †¢Bunsen Burner setup †¢Rubber band †¢Thermometer †¢Ceramic center wire gauze Procedure: 1. A 125 mL flask was obtained. The square of aluminum was fashioned over the flask by laying the foil over the mouth and folding the sides down.A pin was then obtained and was used to poke a tiny hole in the center of the aluminum cap. 2. Next, the mass was determined of the clean, dry flask with the cap to 0. 001 g. 3. 3 mL of the unknown liquid was obtained and was poured into the flask. Afterwards the flask cap was replaced securely. 4. Then, a 600 mL beaker was then filled nearl y full of water. The beaker was then heated to a boil over the Bunsen burner setup. 5. Once the water reached a boil, the temperature was then recorded and the barometric pressure.Then the flask was clamped at the very top and was suspended to the beaker. 6. The flask from the beaker was not removed and the flask was examined for excess vapor coming out through the pin hole to see a refraction effect. 7. When all of the liquid evaporated, the flask was removed by holding the clamp and set aside to cool. 8. Next, the flask was wiped down until it was completely dry. 9. Then, the mass of flask, cap, and unknown condensed liquid was found. 10. The flask was filled completely full with water.The flask was then poured into a graduated cylinder and measured the volume. 11. Next, all the materials and chemicals were cleaned up. 12. Once the area was clean, the calculations could be completed. Observations: The flask inside the beaker full of water was being examined. As the water surroundi ng the flask began to boil, droplets started to form on the inside of the flask. After a while, nothing could be seen forming in the flask. When this happened, the droplets evaporated and inside the flask was the condensed vapor. Calculations: 1. Questions: 2.What does the flask contain? a. The flask contains air before adding the volatile liquid. b. The flask contains all vapor at the point when the volatile liquid has completely vaporized. c. The flask contains condensed vapor and air at the end of the experiment and at the final weighing. 3. Why is the temperature of boiling water used for measuring the volume of the vapor instead of the temperature of the liquid after it has cooled to room temperature? Instead of taking the temperature of the gas, the temperature of the boiling water was taken and was transferred. . When vaporized, the volatile liquids used in this experiment do not behave exactly as ideal gases. How would this tend to affect your calculated molecular weight? Th e molecular weight was smaller than expected. This happened because the density was smaller due to the mass being smaller and this meant too much vapor escaped the flask. Conclusion: In this experiment, the molecular weight of a condensed vapor was found through a procedure using an unknown liquid. The flask before adding the unknown liquid in was full of air.After the beaker full of water started to boil the flask was examined until the unknown liquid was completely vaporized. At that exact point the flask contained all vapor. At the final weighing the flask contained condensed vapor and air. There is always a chance for error. Some sources of error could have come with completing this lab over an open water bath and some water vapor may have been in place. Also, too much vapor could have escaped and the experiment might not have been stopped quick enough.

Dante’s Inferno - The Evolving Relationship between Dante...

Dante’s Inferno - The Evolving Relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide In Dante’s Inferno, the relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide is an ever-evolving one. By analyzing the transformation of this relationship as the two sojourn through the circles of hell, one is able to learn more about the mindset of Dante the Poet. At the outset, Dante is clearly subservient to Virgil, whom he holds in high esteem for his literary genius. However, as the work progresses, Virgil facilitates Dante’s spiritual enlightenment, so that by the end, Dante has ascended to Virgil’s spiritual level and has in many respects surpassed him. In Dante’s journey with respect to Virgil, one can see†¦show more content†¦We see Dante’s first step is to acknowledge his inferiority to Virgil; it is to him he owes his modest authorial prowess. This sentiment is understandable indeed. It is only natural for Dante to have nothing but the utmost respect for the great poet who, having preceded him by thirteen hundred years, m erits such treatment. However, when we couple Dante’s intense reverence for Virgil with his plea for his help, our understanding of the strength of his faith is enhanced. The Pilgrim invokes Virgil thusly: â€Å"O famous sage, [help me] to stand against [that beast], / for she has made my blood and pulses shudder† (I.89-90). Perhaps one can account for this behavior by noting that Dante, being heavily disoriented, upon seeing Virgil, whom he initially perceives as being a mere apparition, feels in the Guide something supernatural which compels him to seek his aid in defeating the she-wolf. However, Dante’s remarks and behavior fall perilously close to blasphemy. Instead of unduly flattering Virgil (who by his own admission, â€Å"was a man†, and a pagan at that) and asking his assistance, the ideal Christian monotheist would seek refuge in God. The concept of placing one’s complete trust in God, manifest in such exemplars of faith as Sir Gawain of Camelot and Boccaccio’s Griselda, is an essential component of Christianity. Indeed, Gawain’s fall